How Solar Panels Operate
Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity. They consist of small units called solar cells, usually made of silicon. When sunlight hits a solar cell, it frees electrons, creating an electric current that powers lights and appliances. Multiple cells form a panel, and several panels can produce more energy.
Solar panels, or photovoltaic (PV) modules, use PV cells to transform sunlight into electricity. Each cell has two semiconductor layers, one negative and one positive, covered by glass. Sunlight absorbed by the semiconductor releases photons, generating direct current (DC) electricity. An inverter then converts this DC into alternating current (AC) for home use, a process that’s quick and silent.
Electricity flows through a meter into the main panel, distributing power throughout the house. The meter shows net power used minus net power produced. When excess electricity is generated, it’s stored for later use or sent back to the grid.
Solar panels last 30 to 40 years. Adopting solar energy reduces utility bills, increases property value, and promotes clean energy.
